Thursday, May 21, 2015

Jacob Soll: "What do we owe the Enlightenment?"

In The New Republic here. A taste:
All this makes Vincenzo Ferrone’s newly translated book, The Enlightenment: History of an Idea, compelling: Ferrone claims that the importance of the Enlightenment has not been its triumph, but its centrality in public debate. An Italian historian of philosophy and a specialist on the influence of Isaac Newton, Ferrone believes the Enlightenment must be defended not simply as a secular, political idea, but, most importantly, as what Ferrone calls a tradition of “critical thought.” Immanuel Kant defined the Enlightenment as the “progress of mankind toward improvement” through the “freedom to make public use of one’s reason on every point,” and Ferrone claims it is this critical process that has driven public opinion and politics, giving us the language of human rights, tolerance, and individual liberty. The long philosophical engagement with the idea of Enlightenment, from Voltaire in the eighteenth century down to our own time, is, for Ferrone, one of the great intellectual legacies of the Enlightenment itself. He allows that we can question the primacy of science and secularism, but not critical debate. Many great figures of philosophy who have been seen as critics of the Enlightenment are in fact, Ferrone argues, defenders of the Enlightenment tradition.

1 comment:

Tom Van Dyke said...

Many great figures of philosophy who have been seen as critics of the Enlightenment are in fact, Ferrone argues, defenders of the Enlightenment tradition.

"Enlightenment" has become a useless term. I suppose at one point it meant the opposite of the Bible/religion/superstition [all 3 being synonymous], but of course since scholasticism included both Christianity and classical philosophy [Aristotle, the stoics], even that contradistinction is problematic.

As for dragging Isaac Newton in, as he was as superstitious as we was scientific

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton%27s_occult_studies

the discussion gets to be a dog chasing his tail. "Enlightenment" becomes either a catchall for all human progress, ar as Alasdair MacIntyre might argue, a philosophy that turned out to be the end of philosophy.

http://www.leaderu.com/offices/koons/docs/chrphlec09.html

I. The Catastrophe Parable: Chapter 1

A. Imagine a world in which mature natural science has experienced a catastrophic breakdown. The aftermath: clash between different fragments, none of which is coherently understood.

B. MacIntyre's claim: this has happened in the realm of morality, with the collapse of the Aristotelian-Biblical synthesis at the end of the medieval period.